What is Cancer Staging Useful For?

Staging is used by doctors to assess how far the cancer has invaded the body and decide what are the best methods of treatment applied .   Staging of colon cancer began with the Duke classification system that consisted of three stages : A, B and C. After a while Aster - Paste made exchanges to this classification, adding one more step : the stage of development. In 1978, Gunderson and Sousing brought other changes to the classification and years ago , the Joint Committee on Cancer has developed a new NM classification called contains four steps.   Today, doctors most often use the NM classification and the Duke of staging in colon cancer .   Due phase A refers to the fact that only the cancer affects the intestinal mucosa and further receives no other structures colon .   Duke B scenario shows that the cancer has spread to the muscle layer of the colon, but not overcome .   In Duke stage B tumor got through the muscle layer of the colon.   C'S In Duke stage the cancer has reached the muscle itself and has also affected the local lymph nodes.   C'S In Duke stage tumor got through the muscular colon and the lymph nodes .   Duke stage D shows that the cancer has spread to other tissues and organs.   NM refers to tumors , lymph nodes and metastases .   T'S: The cancer has affected the mucosa and submicron as well .   T'S: The cancer has spread to the muscle itself.   T'S: The cancer has gone through the muscular and serous damage .   T'S: The cancer has affected all layers of the colon and spreads or adjacent organs .   N: not mean lymph nodes are still affected .   N : The cancer has affected the lymph nodes 1-3 .   N: The cancer is more than 4 lymph nodes.   M'S means no metastases are present .   M'S: Distant metastasis means that you can see.   Another classification is more accurate contains both the Duke and NM classification.   Stage I T'S N M'S , T'S N M'S means that the disease has spread in the inner layers of the colon, but it has not spread to other structures.   Phase II : T'S N M'S and T'S N M'S means that the structures of the colon and rectum close , but invaded the lymph nodes are clear.   Phase III: any T , N - 2 M'S refers to the fact that the lymph nodes are affected by the disease, but distant organs are safe.   Stage IV Any T, Any N , M'S means that metastasis has occurred , so that the cancer has spread to distant organs such as the lungs and liver.